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Contents Introduction ix Chapter 1: Introduction to Eclipse 1 Installing Eclipse 1 The First Application: Hello World 5 Perspectives 5 Projects 7 Create a New Class 7 Launch 9 The Most Important Preferences for Java Development 10 Workbench Preferences 11 Installed JREs 12 Compiler Preferences 14 Formatting Code 15 Templates 16 Tasks and Problems 18 Problems, Problems 19 General Tasks 21 Bookmarks 22 The Scrapbook 22 Summary 24 Chapter 2: Effective Programming with Eclipse 25 Little Helpers 25 System Information 25 Help and Hover 26 Java Information Views 27 Automatic Code Completion 28 The Correction Assistant 33 Convenience Functions of the Java Editor 35 Source Code Navigation 36 Refactoring Code 38 Modifying Types 38 Refactoring Code 39 Undo and Redo 42
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xii Introduction system are introduced. All these components are available to the application programmer as building blocks, a fact that can speed up application development considerably. Then, I show how your own products can be packaged for deployment. Eclipse offers integrated support for all tasks here, too: from the creation of a feature, to the creation of nation language fragment and the definition of an update site, to the automated installation of updates. As an example, a universal and fully functional plug-in for spell checking on Eclipse platforms is implemented. Finally, I discuss the Rich Client Platform (RCP) that was introduced with Eclipse 3 and serves as a generic platform for a wide range of applications. The board game Hex is implemented as an example of such an RCP application. In Appendix A some more interesting third-party plug-ins are listed. In Appendix B I discuss the migration to another version of the Eclipse platform. Appendix C contains download addresses for the thirdparty software and the source code used in the examples. Acknowledgements Books are always teamwork, even if only the author s name appears below the title. This is also the case with this book, and here is the place to acknowledge the contribution of all the other team members. Special thanks go to the publisher John Wiley & Sons and Wrox, in particular to Gaynor Redvers-Mutton who acted as the publishing editor. Thanks go also to the publisher of the original German edition, dpunkt verlag, and the responsible editor there, Ren Sch nfeldt. Thanks also to Tim Ryan s group who handled the production of this book, especially Linda Recktenwald for copyediting, Gina Rexrode for composition, and Nathan Clement for his technical illustrations. Many important tips that found their way into this book came from the (anonymous) reviewers but also from developers and employees of OTI who had looked at the first manuscript version. Many thanks! And of course, without the development of Eclipse this book would not have been written, and Eclipse is indeed a tool that I wouldn t want to miss. Thanks again! Berthold Daum June 2004 berthold.daum@bdaum.de

xi Introduction How This Book Is Organized The novice to Eclipse or even an experienced Java programmer is at first overwhelmed by the sheer number of functions. But the functions visible to the user are only the tip of the iceberg. If we start to explore the inner workings of Eclipse, its API, we can get lost easily. Currently the Eclipse download has a size of 83 MB. Faced with this huge amount of information, this book uses a pragmatic approach. Following the motto that perception works from the outside to the inside, I first investigate how Eclipse presents itself to the end user. The benefit is twofold: first, each programmer is an end user of the Eclipse Java IDE; second, the various components of the Eclipse workbench, such as editors, views, menus, dialogs, and much more, can also be used in personal applications. Experienced programmers, however, may find an introduction into the Java IDE trivial and superfluous. Nevertheless, it is useful to get well acquainted with the Eclipse user interface, because many of the concepts and details can be later utilized when designing you own applications. In Chapters 1 through 7 of this book I first introduce practical work with Eclipse, in particular with the Java development environment. Eclipse presents itself as a very powerful Java IDE that continues the positive traditions of Visual Age for Java but also introduces new concepts such as code completion, strong refactoring facilities, assistants that make intelligent proposals for fixing program errors, and a local history that allows a return to previous code versions. In these chapters I also discuss the organization of the workbench, the resources of the Eclipse workspace such as projects, folders, and files, how these resources are related to the native file system, and the tools for navigation. I explain what perspectives are and how they can be used effectively. The Eclipse Java debugger and the integration of JUnit into Eclipse are discussed, and a short introduction about Eclipse s support for working in a team is given. The examples used in this part are still all based on AWT and Swing. However, this will quickly change in the second part of the book, Chapters 8 through 10. Here, I introduce the secrets of the SWT and JFace libraries. For SWT, event processing is discussed, along with the various GUI elements such as text fields, tables, buttons, and trees; the various layout options; graphics operations and how Java2D can coexist with the SWT; and printer output. I also explain the specialties of thread and resource management in the context of the SWT and the integration of SWT widgets with Swing facilities. In the case of the JFace library, I present the higher user interface levels such as windows, dialogs, viewers, actions, menus, text processing, wizards, and preferences. As an example, an MP3 player that can be deployed independently of the Eclipse platform is implemented completely with SWT and JFace. An interesting detail in this example is how the SWT library is used in a multithreaded application. In Chapters 11 through 16 I explain how to develop your own products on the basis of the Eclipse platform: either as a plug-in to Eclipse or as a stand-alone application under the Rich Client Platform. Since Eclipse consists more or less only of plug-ins, I first introduce the plug-in architecture of Eclipse. The requirements for a minimal platform are discussed, and I show how workspace resources are used in Eclipse and how plug-ins are declared via a manifest. Then the various components of the Eclipse workbench such as editors, views, actions, dialogs, forms, wizards, preferences, perspectives, and the help
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x Introduction components to implement features such as the Java IDE or the workbench, but they can also be used for your own applications. In particular, the Rich Client Platform that was introduced with Eclipse 3 provides a generic framework for a wide class of applications. The Eclipse license model allows users to embed these components into their own applications, to modify them, and to deploy them as part of their own applications all without paying a cent in license fees. The complete Eclipse code is available as source code, can be browsed online, and can be used within you own projects. The Eclipse Culture Of course, Eclipse was not just invented : it has a history. The author of this book, who has used Visual Age for Java for years, can detect many of the Visual Age construction elements within Eclipse. In fact, the same company that stood behind the development of Visual Age is also responsible for the development of Eclipse. This company is OTI (www.oti.com). As long ago as 1988, OTI developed a collaborative development environment for Smalltalk called ENVY, which was later licensed to IBM under the name Visual Age. What followed was the development of Visual Age for Java, but this was still implemented in Smalltalk. Now, OTI has started the next generation of development tools with Eclipse. Of course, we find many of the design elements of Visual Age in Eclipse. The difference is, however, that Eclipse is implemented in Java and that it features a much more open architecture than Visual Age. Eclipse was licensed by IBM and than donated to the Open Source community. This was not done without self-interest: Eclipse basically is nothing more than the community edition of IBM s WebSphere Studio Application Developer (WSAD). The core platform and the core plug-ins are all the same. The main difference is that Eclipse 3.0 consists of about 90 plug-ins, while WSAD features about 500 700 plug-ins, thus offering greatly extended functionality, such as plug-ins for developing web and database applications. About This Book It is practically impossible to write a single book about Eclipse. The sheer complexity of Eclipse would require quite a few books. I have tried to emphasize those topics where Eclipse makes significant contributions to the Java world. In particular, these are the new GUI libraries (SWT and JFace) and the use of Eclipse as a platform and framework for desktop applications. What had to be excluded from this book are WebSphere-specific topics such as J2EE and servlet development. Developing desktop applications is currently one of the strong points of Eclipse. This book is not an introduction to Java programming. We assume that readers have a good knowledge of Java and of object-oriented programming concepts. Most of the examples used in this book are not trivial. Two examples come from the multimedia area. Here, readers have the possibility of getting their feet wet with cutting-edge Java technology such as speech processing and MP3 (all in pure Java!). In the third example, we do something useful and implement a spell checker plug-in for Eclipse. I am sick and tired of bad orthography in Java comments! The last example is a board game implemented on the basis of the Rich Client Platform, just to burn some of the programmer s spare time gained by productivity enhancements of the Eclipse IDE. This book, therefore, addresses Java programmers from the student to the professional who want to implement their own desktop applications with the help (or on the basis) of Eclipse. You will learn all the techniques that are required to create applications of professional quality.
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Introduction The first version of Eclipse was released in November 2001. Eclipse was announced by IBM as a $40 million donation to the Open Source community. The first reactions to this gift, however, were mixed. While many Java programmers hailed the release of Eclipse enthusiastically (when would one not be enthusiastic about a $40 million present?), Sun Microsystems was initially less than amused. In the meantime, Eclipse has taken the Java world (and not only the Java world) by storm, despite the fact that Sun Microsystems is still not onboard. Eclipse is now completely managed by eclipse.org, an independent, nonprofit organization in which, however, IBM plays a major role. Despite the fact that the membership fee is quite hefty ($250.00 per year) and commitment is asked in the form of staff members working actively toward the development of Eclipse, the membership circle is not at all small: the Eclipse consortium has about 150 member companies, and people from Ericsson, Genuitec LLC, IBM, Hewlett Packard, Intel, MontaVista Software, QNX Software Systems Ltd., SAP AG, SAS, Serena Software, and the University of Washington belong to the board (Microsoft, you guessed it, is not a member). So, the question is, what is Eclipse? Is it a Java IDE? Is it a new GUI for Java applications? Is it an application platform or framework? Eclipse.org refers to Eclipse as a platform for everything and nothing in particular. That we can use Eclipse to develop Java programs (in fact, it is one of the finest Java IDEs) is just a special application of this platform. But its real application domain reaches far beyond Java development. Because of its plug-in architecture, Eclipse is as adaptable as a chameleon and can find a habitat in quite different environments. The Eclipse Java IDE is, in fact, only an eminent example of an Eclipse plug-in. A large number of other plug-ins have already been developed for Eclipse by various companies and developers or are currently in development (see Appendix A for a small selection of such developments). For example, there is a plug-in for a C++ IDE, while plug-ins for other programming languages such as RPG and COBOL are in preparation. In this book, however, we will concentrate on Java development with Eclipse. Eclipse is more than a pure development environment. With its SWT and JFace libraries it provides an alternative to Sun s Java libraries, AWT and Swing. SWT and JFace allow the creation of Java applications that closely match native applications (i.e., applications written in C or C++) in both look and feel and in responsiveness. In contrast, applications implemented on the basis of Swing often lack responsiveness and sometimes differ despite the possibility to switch skins from the look and feel of a native application. Such applications are notoriously hard to sell, because end users expect applications that fulfill the standards of the host platform. SWT and JFace could therefore be a breakthrough for Java applications on the desktop. No wonder, therefore, that there is a heated debate for and against SWT/JFace in the respective discussion forums (for example, www.javalobby.com) and that the SWT was voted as the most innovative Java component. Finally, Eclipse provides a large framework for implementing Java applications. Besides the GUI libraries SWT and JFace, we find higher-level components such as editors, viewers, resource management, task and problem management, a help system, and various assistants and wizards. Eclipse uses all these
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About the Author Berthold Daum has a Ph.D. in Mathematics and is a professional Java and XML developer who has been using Eclipse since it was first developed. Mr. Daum specializes in innovative electronic business technology and electronic content production; his clients include SAP Integrated Services AG and Software AG. His experience in software training and ability to anticipate the needs of professional developers has been demonstrated in his previous books, including Eclipse 2 for Java Developers (Wiley) and Modeling Business Objects with XML Schema (Morgan-Kaufmann). Mr. Daum studied photography in Melbourne and has both exhibited and published his images of Australia’s natural beauty.
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Credits Author Berthold Daum Executive Editor Gaynor Redvers-Mutton Production Editors Felicia Robinson Juliet Booker Book Producer Ryan Publishing Group, Inc. Copy Editor Linda Recktenwald Compositor Gina Rexrode Illustrator Nathan Clement Vice President & Executive Group Publisher Richard Swadley Vice President & Publishing Director Sarah Stevens Vice President and Publisher Joseph B. Wikert Editorial Manager Kathryn Malm
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Copyright 2004 by dpunkt.verlag GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany. Title of the German original: Java-Entwicklung mit Eclipse 3 ISBN: 3-89864-281-X Translation copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system for exclusive use by the purchaser of the publication.Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 1L1 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 0-470-02005-9 Typeset in Indianapolis, IN USA Printed and bound by Malloy printing in Ann Arbor, MI USA This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.
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Professional Eclipse 3 for Java Developers Berthold Daum
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